Scientific American, July 1995, 68. Trebuchet Research Paper - 1202 Words | Studymode Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Trebuchet Physics - Real World Physics Problems The fixed counterweight trebuchet did not have a bucket. Accuracy also increased slowly as the efficiency in motion involving the counterweight. Only 2% less efficient was the model with friction. Mini replica of a Thirteenth Century Hinged-counterweight ... First Trebuchet. Three Types of Trebuchet and Their Motive Force - A hinged counterweight is where the counterweight hangs off the arm from a rope or string. PDF Catapult - Elenco Medieval Warfare during the Cathar Crusades When re-loading a trebuchet the sling has one end fixed near to the end of the throwing arm and the other end with a small loop. The counterweight should be 75 to 100 times the weight of the projectile. Related Posts. El Escorial, Biblioteca de San Lorenzo el Real, MS T.I.l, Cantigas de Santa Maria, fol. APengineering_DavidK: Floating Arm Trebuchet Case Studies (3c) Types of Trebuchets - Design Fab Trebuchet A counterweight trebuchet is powered by a very heavy counterweight, acting on a lever arm. The 30-inch wheels were tricked out with lithesome carved Celtic sidewalls. Typically though, HCW will run 100-150:1 mass ratios, but they can run much higher, or much lower mass ratios. Furthermore, a mechanism for pulling down and fixating the long arm was added, which was usually a winch. This design forces the counterweight to fall in a semi-circular arc rather than to allow the weight to fall vertically (therefore robbing the system of power - not very efficient) Significant lateral forces are transmitted to the frame during a launch so the frame must be built very sturdily and anchored securely A fixed counterweight is simply a heavy weight on the end of the short arm. How was the counterweight on a trebuchet raised, and how ... The fulcrum of the lever (usually an axle) is supported by a high frame, and the counterweight is suspended from the short arm of the lever. Both of these types of trebuchet are more efficient than the standard Fixed-Axle trebuchet. With the typically massive counterweight, heavier projectiles could be thrown. The trebuchets in this fantasy scene are covering much further distances. There are three historical types of trebuchets: the traction trebuchet, the fixed counterweight trebuchet, and the swinging, or hinged, counterweight trebuchet, using two types of motive force: man power and gravity. Replacing manpower with the pendulum swing of a heavy weight, it was notably more safe and enabled more consistent launches. θ m2 g m1 g l1 l2 Fig. Fixed-base trebuchet The fixed counterweight treb is an excellent labora-tory device for the introductory curriculum. The next change was to abandon the fixed counterweight on the end of the beam, and in its place have a swinging box. A fixed counterweight is simply a heavy weight on the end of the short arm. - Hinged Counterweight Trebuchet: A variation of the Fixed Counterweight Trebuchet where the counterweight hangs off the arm from a string or rope. The design of a trebuchet allows it to launch projectiles of greater weights further distances than that of a . A trebuchet has a heavy weight fixed at one end of a large lever or beam on a strong fulcrum with a second smaller lever or rope swinging like a pendulum from the opposite end of the big beam. Save with Plan Multi-Packs Notice the huge difference between a trebuchet with no sling and fixed counterweight verses the trebuchet with a 3.5 foot sling and 1 foot hinged counterweight! The connection to counterweight-operated trebuchets isobvious here. First, the throwing arm rests on a fixed roller, which is pinned to the horizontal support. The evolution of the trebuchet has added a fixed counterweight, removing all ropes and excess material that could possibly be a downgrade to this invention. This is a hybrid-counterweight trebuchet, which uses both gravity power from a weight along with a pulling-crew. The sling is attached to the end of the long arm of the lever. In a fixed-weight trebuchet, the weight must fall in an arc, following the arc at the end of the lever arm. They existed. A floating arm trebuchet's arm is mounted on wheels that roll on a track parallel to the ground, with a counterweight that falls vertically, allowing for greater efficiency by increasing the . Before technology the trebuchet was just known as a slingshot or catapult used for hurling rocks. A trebuchet (French trébuchet) is a siege engine used in the Middle Ages. The medieval trebuchet is a missile-throwing device, with a heavy counterweight on the short end of a beam that pivots about an axle fixed to a supporting frame. It has a massless beam as well. The see-saw trebuchet It is instructive to analyze a slightly more realistic version of the trebuchet--one that eliminates the sling, but has a counterweight attached at one end, as shown in the figure. War Wolf was the largest trebuchet ever made and was rumored to send boulders of about 150 kilograms across a distance of over 200 meters. . 15 years ago . A sling is attached to the long end, and when properly "tuned" by adjusting its length, it will release the missile at exactly the moment the counterweight is directly under the axle . Only the participant should actually touch or manipulate the device per the directions of the event supervisor. It . in the base of trebuchet frame or the counterweight will crash into that obstruction. 4. As the counterweight descends, the arm slides over the fixed roller. The principle of the trebuchet was straightforward. The basket allows the weight to fall more vertically than if it were fixed since the basket is free to swing and will adjust its fall, to a degree. It is the simplist design in terms of the number of parts, and it can throw really large objects, although it is not as efficient as the other trebuchet designs. That type of machine was called a Trebuchet, and it appeared in the west in the early 13th century. Once the Europeans got hold of it, and started making fixed counterweight versions, they used a winch of some sort to haul the throwing arm down. This makes the designing and construction simpler but travelles in an arch and is not as effective at transferring the energy to the projectile. The next step in the development of this siege engine was the invention of the fixed counterweight trebuchet. it is also easy to build and generally more efficient than the Fixed Counterweight Trebuchet. We performed an optimization on the design of a counterweight trebuchet with a fixed "footprint," or projected area. What is the counterweight in a trebuchet? The design forces the counterweight to fall in a semi circular arc rather than a vertical arc making it lose some if its power. uchet. Fixed Counterweight Trebuchet In the early middle ages, catapults were used to hurl objects directly at the castle walls. The final result was a fixed-counterweight trebuchet, which activates solely by the gravity force from the falling pivoting mass on one end. Summary Unlike a traditional counterweight trebuchet, which uses axle fixed to the frame, axle of a floating arm trebuchet is not fixed to the frame. The final result was a fixed-counterweight trebuchet, which activates solely by the gravity force from the falling pivoting mass on one end. Sling is attached to the tip of a long side, and its one end is fixed to the arm of the Trebuchet, and the other end is hooked to the associate, so it gets free when the arm and sling reach . Application of basic energy conservation principles is straightforward, as is the application of Newtonian dynamics. This could take the form of a capstan, operated . Ancient armies directly utilized gravity to launch projectiles at their enemies by placing a large weight on the short end of the trebuchet's lever arm and then letting it fall. The fixed Counterweight Trebuche t: A fixed counterweight with a fixed frame design. Save with Plan Multi-Packs The addition of a fixed counterweight was a major advancement in trebuchet technology. Wheels on a Fixed Counterweight Trebuchet actually make them perform better, but still not quit as well as a Hinged Counterweight Trebuchet. Like adding wheels to a fixed-counterweight trebuchet, the hinge allows the swinging counterweight to descend further in a straighter line, capturing more energy for the throw. A large trebuchet was cocked by 10 to 12 men who could lift a 10-ton counterweight in approximately 6 minutes. Diagram of a fixed-counterweight trebuchet in action. Wheels are often used on trebuchet designs that use fixed counterweights to counter the tipping motion. The counterweight should be 75 to 100 times the weight of the projectile. We chose to create this type because it was the newest and thus the most innovative type. Trebuchets were first used in the 4th century BC by the Chinese, these trebuchets were traction trebuchets(a traction trebuchet is a trebuchet powered by human strength)… The trebuchet we made is a fixed counterweight trebuchet. One of the most simplest designs but what it has in simplicity it lacks in efficiency. The elimination of the pulling ropes made possible anoth- Crews of as many as 250 men pulled to send er innovation: by placing a trough under the trebuchet beam . The Fixed-Counterweight Trebuchet The fixed-counterweight trebuchet improved upon the human aspect of the firing process. Fixed Counterweight Trebuchet. Trebuchet. Easy to build and with a large potential to throw great distances, we believed the fixed-counterweight design would be a . Licensed under CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. The fixed counterweight trebuchets "just have a heavy weight on the end" of the arm (Geiselman, 2006); the swinging counterweight trebuchets have a free swinging bucket or container that the weight is placed in. What is the counterweight of a trebuchet? A floating arm trebuchet's arm is mounted on wheels that roll on a track parallel to the ground, with a counterweight that falls vertically, allowing for greater efficiency by increasing the . Print and download them to scale in metric or feet and inches and in multiple formats . This is a fixed counterweight trebuchet, the same design as per motion analysis 1.It is a design used in my final year engineering thesis.The backing music i. This loop is hooked over the release pin that is fixed in the end of the arm. It was typically built in the attacking armies homeland and then transported to the location of the siege. A sketch in Fig. There were various advantages to this. Answer (1 of 2): In the original style, the counterweight stood back up, as it was composed of people. 1995, 63). This page was from the 1520 edition which was considered by Joseph Needham as the most faithful to the original Wujing Zongyao as it use the plates from 1231. When the throwing arm is roughly horizontal, the moving roller contacts the horizontal support. Create high-quality 2D & 3D Floor Plans to scale for print and web. A small-scale replica of War Wolf, a counterweight trebuchet that uses a boulder-holding sling at the end of a swinging arm. For maximum launch speed the counterweight must be much heavier than the payload, since this means that it will "fall" quickly. Its style and build is simple while still being more effective then the types of trebuchets that came before it. trebuchetfixedplans Draw a floor plan in minutes with RoomSketcher Home Designer, the easy-to-use . The Fixed-Counterweight Trebuchet The fixed-counterweight trebuchet improved upon the human aspect of the firing process. Not only is this trebuchet simple, it is extremely efficient. Counterweight trebuchets, which replaced manpower with some sort of fixed weight or box on one end of the throwing arm, appeared around the Mediterranean in the 12 th century. Design variables were short arm length, sling length, weight rope length, swing clearance . It is sometimes called a counterweight trebuchet or counterpoise trebuchet, to distinguish it from an earlier weapon called the traction trebuchet, which employed pulling men working the mechanism. - A fixed counterweight is where the counterweight is attached directly to the arm of the trebuchet. A trebuchet works by using the energy of a falling (and hinged) counterweight to launch a projectile (the payload), using mechanical advantage to achieve a high launch speed. Hinged Counterweight Trebuchet Side view of a hinged counterweight trebuchet being wound down into the cocked position using a wheel while archers provide covering fire for the trebuchet crew. The sling is attached to the end of the long arm of the lever. For this project, we used research performed by others, re-deriving the equations of motion ourselves, to find the best design for throwing a set projectile the greatest distance. We assume that the length of the arm from the fulcrum to the missile is fixed, and ask what is the optimum length of the arm from the fulcrum to the counterweight (given the masses of missile and counterweight are m and M respectively). A trebuchet uses a large counterweight attached to a lever to propel a smaller missile. Instead, they operated with only a heavy weight attached to the end. The original Wujing Zongyao was written in 1040-1044. The addition of wheels served to counter this force and as the counterweight fell, the trebuchet machine rolled forward, permitting the . Hinged Counterweight Trebuchet Side view of a hinged counterweight trebuchet being wound down into the cocked position using a wheel while archers provide covering fire for the trebuchet crew. 3 Ft Hanging Counterweight Trebuchet: In This how-to essay you will learn how to build, adjust, and fire a trebuchet. The catapult was a heavy siege engine and used a lot of resources to build. The fixed counterweight trebuchets "just have a heavy weight on the end" of the arm (Geiselman, 2006); the swinging counterweight trebuchets have a free swinging bucket or container that the weight is placed in. Two of the trebuchets are known as swinging counterweights — which remain stationary while the other was a fixed counterweight — which requires that the trebuchet must be mobile to handle the . By way of comparison, the fixed-counterweight trebuchet built at Urquhart Castle required 6 tons' worth of counterweight just to propel a 250-lb projectile 200 yards. It was a common powerful siege engine until the advent of gunpowder. The trebuchet constructors were aware that a hinged counterweighthas a trajectory more vertical than that of a fixed counterweight and thus can firestones to a longer distance (Chevedden et al. The fixed counterweight on a fixed frame: It is a fixed counterweight design with the frame fastened to the earth. 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