For as Socrates says, thequestion he's asking on this occasion ishardlyatrivial, abstract issue that doesn't concern him. Euthyphro says it's a big task. He says that piety is the part of justice that has to do with the gods. This dialogue begins when Socrates runs into Euthyphro outside the authorities and the courts. The dispute is therefore, not, on whether the wrong-doer must pay the penalty, but on who the wrongdoer is, what he did, or when etc. He then asks if what's carried is being carried because it gets carried, or for some other reason? Indeed, Socrates proves false the traditional conception of piety and justice as 'sometimes interchangeable' , through his method of inversing propositions. By using the Platonic Theory of Forms to explain this, one could state that 'the holy' has a Form, whereas 'the god-beloved' 'answers to no Form whatsoever' , since it is something which has nothing in common beyond the fact that the Gods love it. 3) Lastly, whilst I would not go as far as agreeing with Rabbas' belief that we ought to read the Euthyphro as Plato's attempt to demonstrate the incoherence of the concept of piety 'as a practical virtue [] that is action-guiding and manifests itself in correct deliberation and action' , I believe, as shown above, that the gap between Socrates and Euthyphro's views is so unbridgeable that the possibility of a conception of piety that is widely-applicable, understood and practical becomes rather unlikely. Eidos is used which is another of Plato's terms for his Ideas, often translated 'Form'. the two crucial distinctions made UPAE (according to Rabbas - these are the three conditions for a Socratic definition). EUTHYPHRO DILEMMA Socrates persists, The first definition that Euthyphro provides to Socrates is that "the pious is to do what I am doing now to prosecute the wrongdoer" (Plato, Euthyphro, Grube trans., p. 9). ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/platos-euthyphro-2670341. obtuse: (a) intense, (b) stupid, (c) friendly, (d) prompt. (EUTHYPHRO HAS CONCEIVED PIETY AND JUSTICE TO BE CONNECTED, WHEREAS SOC SHOWS THAT THEY ARE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT, FOR JUSTICE IS MORE COMPREHENSIVE THAN PIETY) According to the lecture, piety is a term that refers to what it means to be good or holy in the eyes of the gods. Or rather, using the theory of 'causal priority' , does one place priority in the essence of the object loved, or the god's love? Socrates explains that he doesn't understand 'looking after'. He remarks that if he were putting forward these ideas and suggestions, it would fair to joke that he had inherited from Daedalus the tendency for his verbal creations to run off. Third definition teaches us that A 'divinely approved' action/person is holy, and a 'divinely disapproved' one is unholy It therefore should be noted that Socrates regarded the previous line of questioning as heading in the right direction. Irwin sets out two inadequacies: logical inadequacy and moral inadequacy. This, Soc says, means that holiness is a kind of skill in trading between gods and men. Detail the hunting expedition and its result. Socrates asks Euthyphro what proof he has that all gods regard as unjust the death of a man who, as a hired worker, was responsible for the death of another what proof does he have that is it is correct for a son to bring a prosecution on behalf of this kind of person, and to denounce his own father for homicide. The conventionalist view is that how we regard things determines what they are. 'if you didn't know clearly what holiness and unholiness are there's no way you would have taken it upon yourself to prosecute your father, an elderly man, for a labourer's murder; but you would have been worried about the gods and ashamed before men if you took such a risk, in case you should be wrong in doing it.' Needs to know the ESSENCE, eidos, in order to believe it. 12a Q10. In that case it would be best for me to become your pupil'. Socrates' reply : Again, this is vague. As the gods often quarrel with another, piety cannot simply be what is loved by . What definition of piety does Socrates endorse? The story of Euthyphro, which is a short dialogue between Socrates and Euthyphro himself, Socrates attempts to . Euthyphro proposes (6e) that the pious ( ) is the same thing as that which is loved by the gods ( ), but Socrates finds a problem with this proposal: the gods may disagree among themselves (7e). Euthyphro is overconfident with the fact that he has a strong background for religious authority. Socrates says that Euthyphro is even more skilled than Daedalus since he is making his views go round in circles, since earlier on in the discussion they agreed that the holy and the 'divinely approved' were not the same thing. Just > holy. That could well complete the definition of piety that Socrates was looking for. Are you not compelled to think that all that is pious is just? - farmers' principal aim/ achievement is food from earth (it is not being loved because it is a thing loved) If the sentence is correct as written, write CCC in the blank. This amounts to definition 2 and 3. Socrates expresses his disappointment, both treating Euthyphro's answer as willing avoidance ("you are not keen to teach me") and as a digression from the proper approach ("you turned away"). Looking after is construed in 3 diff ways, 1) looking after qua improving or benefitting the gods Universality means a definition must take into account all instances of piety. Socrates is also keen to apply the logic of causal priority to the definiens: being loved by the gods, summed up as the 'god-beloved'. Pleasing the god's is simply honor and reverence, and honor and reverence being from sacrificing, piety can be claimed to be beneficial to gods. He firstly quotes Stasinus, author of the Cypria: "thou wilt not name; for where fear is, there also is reverence" (12b) and states that he disagrees with this quote. Socrates presses Euthyphro to say what benefit the gods perceive from human gifts - warning him that "knowledge of exchange" is a species of commerce. He remarks that if he were putting forward This is essentially 'what's approved by the gods'. 7a Elenchus (Refutation): The same things are both god-loved and god-hated. The former might be translated most easily as 'a thing being carried' and the latter as 'gets carried'. Or is it the case that all that is holy is just, whereas not all that's just is holy - part of its holy and part of its different? Euthyphro refuses to answer Socrates' question and instead reiterates the point that piety is when a man asks for and gives things to the gods by means of prayer and sacrifice and wins rewards for them (14b). He asks Euthyphro instead to give him a general definition that identifies that one feature that all holy deeds share in common. 1) Socrates places restraints on his argument which render such a conclusion. One oftheir servants had killed an enslaved person, and Euthyphro's father had tied the servantup and left him in a ditch while he sought advice about what to do. Socrates then complicates things when he asks: However, by the end of the dialogue, the notion of justice has expanded and is 'the all-pervading regulator of human actions' . Elenchus: defining piety as knowledge of how to pray and sacrifice to the gods Socrates suggests at various points the hubris involved in Euthyphro's belief that he is right to prosecute his father and also his undertaking of it. This amounts to saying that if we are pious, we give the gods what pleases them. In essence, Socrates' point is this: A common element in most conceptions of piety is a duty of respect. After refuting def 2 by stating that disagreement occurs not on the justice of an action (I.e. Definition 3: Piety is what all the gods love. It looks like all Euthyphro has prepared for court is his argument from Greek mythology why it is pious for a son to prosecute his father. Europe: How has ethnic nationalism in some democratic European countries fueled discrimination toward minorities in those countries in recent years? At 7a Euthyphro puts forward the following definition: "What is dear to the gods is pious, what is not is impious." Socrates shows Euthyphro that this definition leads to a contradiction if Euthyphro's assumptions about the gods are true. Socrates again accuses Euthyphro of being like Daedalus since his 'stated views are shown to be shifting rather than staying put'. OTHER WORDS FOR piety Plato was a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle. Euthyphro is then required to say what species of justice. Therefore, being loved by the gods is not 'intrinsic to what [holiness] is, but rather a universal affection or accident that belongs to all [holy] things through an external relation'. 3) essence conclusion He says that Meletus may not bring him to court if he accepts the beliefs taught by Euthyphro or that he may indict Euthyphro instead! But Socrates says, even if he were to accept that all the gods think such a killing is unjust and thus divinely disapproved (though they saw that what was 'divinely disapproved' also seemed to be 'divinely approved'), he hasn't learnt much from Euthyphro as to what the holy and the unholy are. o 'service to shipbuilders' = achieves a boat David US English Zira US English Therefore 13d Socrates wants Euthyphro to be more specific in what he defines as piety. Piety has two senses: Euthyphro begins with the narrower sense of piety in mind. (2020, August 28). This means that some gods consider what they approve of to be good and other gods disapprove of this very thing and consider the opposite to be good. The act of leading, results in the object entering the condition of being led. Intro To Philosophy Midterm- Plato 5 Dialogue, 4 Approaches to Philosophy - Charles Pierce, Final Exam Review Questions - Wireless Networ, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. As a god-loved thing, it cannot be true that the gods do not love P, since it is in its very definition. Euthyphro is charging his own father for murder (left slave out exposed to elements without proper care) Socrates is astonished that one could charge their own father on such serious charges. We gain this understanding of Socrates' conception of piety through a reading of the Euthyphro with general Socratic moral philosophy in mind and more specifically, the doctrine that virtue is knowledge. Euthyphro replies that it is for this reason. PIETY IS A SPECIES OF THE GENUS "JUSTICE" The first distinction he makes If the business of the gods is to accomplish the good, then we would have to worry about what that is. second definition of piety what is dear to the gods is pious, what is not is impious third definition of piety the pious is what all the gods love, the impious is what all the gods hate fourth definition of piety 3) "looking after" = knowing how to pray and sacrifice in a way that will please the gods. Are not the gods, indeed, always trying to accomplish simply the good? The holy is not what's approved by the gods. Socrates reduces this to a knowledge of how to trade with the gods, and continues to press for an explanation of how the gods will benefit. S = Would it not be correct to ask the gods for what they need from us? Moreover, a definition cannot conclude that something is pious just because one already knows that it is so. CONTENT

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