It will stop here to let me get on. Teachers.Net LIVE CHAT Support group - Tues eve! If you are looking for the 1st grade spelling program Click Here If you are looking for the 2nd grade spelling program Click HereThere are 3 parts to the test which will help you assess who has mastered the skills taught and can extend their learning. Check out this dictation sound, word, and sentence assessment binder! Clay, M. M. (2002, 2005, 2016). 31 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 34 /H [ 1141 296 ] /L 21379 /E 5726 /N 3 /T 20641 >> endobj xref 31 27 0000000016 00000 n . Enjoy! Snap Once downloaded, take a look at my suggestions for use, and get a deeper look into the product itself. I like this activity because it allows the students to bring their background knowledge to the activity, and combine it with a creative flair. The Marie Clay Literacy Trust asked NZCER to revise the task with the aim of reducing the ceiling effect that is observed when the task is used with children who are more able readers and writers. Week 3, they will be on their own. Word List Cards There are strategies, Professional Development and Professional Learning Community implications that ALL teachers benefit from when Reading Recovery is implemented. 2. I will post the other documents that go along with these assessments. Cymba. Clap (your own hands) Learn more by checking out the previews or check out this longer video by clicking HERE!I created this binder to assess my students' IEP goals an, This resource is aligned to use with UFLI's end of lesson assessment that can be found at the end of their manual. 1. Bates, Adria Klein, and Barbara Schubert, Why Reading Recovery Is The Way It Is Words one -to-one . The Observation Survey was redeveloped in French several years ago as le sondage dobservationen lecture-criture. Careful observation and systematic recording of behaviors informs daily teaching decisions. Clap-Pat, Vocal, Classroom Instruments The more details you include, the better. The experimental subjects were divided into groups of four to five and received a small group adaptation of the , Marie M. Clay. Compress your PDF file while preserving the quality. Thank you! Option 1: Picture Graph 0000003580 00000 n The title (left to right) Reading Concepts 4. Once we get to Unit 1, Week 1 (Nat and Sam), there will be 3 answer choices and the kids will read and complete the test by themselves. The words are broken down in to lists of 22 words each. 0000001141 00000 n Spelling dictation sentences for the entire year-all in one place! 2015 / 56pp / Paperback. You start by orally dictating three sentences out loud to your students slow enough so that they can write down what they hear. Included are Spelling Quizzes and Sentence Dictation for all stories in Unit 3. 0000024203 00000 n He went from pushing through his tasks to taking absolute pride in his work. hb```b``b`210 +P Enter your email to receive blog notifications. What would have to change?, https://rrcanada.org/testimonials/what-is-possible-for-children-with-reading-problems-what-would-have-to-change/, The goal is to help children move from where they are to somewhere else by empowering them to do what they can do and helping them engage in activities through which they can learn more., https://rrcanada.org/testimonials/marie-clay/, "Teaching is when you supply information that the learner does not have. Prospects execute the proposals and we each get a copy of the completed document. Wait in a petient way for the upload of your Marie Clay Observation Survey Forms Pdf. ISBN 978--325-09280-5 / -325-09280-X / SKU E09280. The assessment also demonstrated strong reliability and validity. Selected stories have equal value for assessing sounds. This information is critical as teachers make careful decisions about their teaching and the needs of the children in Reading Recovery. Instruments Included We are are one-semester general level science elective, with a mixture of students from all sorts of backgrounds. Tuba 1-4". Both horizontal and vertical styles! Here are some examples from Year 2. Once a student has mastered the first list they can move on to the next one. While it's exciting to get new and updated books, we all have our favorite resources that support tried-and-true routines t, Back to School Assessment Activities contain everything you need to assess your first graders and chart their progress! %PDF-1.3 % 0000024687 00000 n - Group Conference Data Form (for guided reading and/or strategy groups) Double Bass Even if your school does not implement Reading Recover, this survey can be a valuable assessment tool. Grade Level: Kindergarten - 2nd. These include daily running records, daily lesson records, writing books, weekly records of text reading levels, and weekly records of reading and writing vocabulary. Flute On the graphs, Stanine levels 1-3 are considered to be of concern, 4-6 are average, and 7-9 are above average. https://rrcanada.org/testimonials/absolute-must/. 0000003400 00000 n 0000001437 00000 n There is a class profile sheet to collect data along with a teac, Sentence Dictation: Writing Progress Monitoring and Formative Assessment, Phonics Dictation Sentences | Sentence Writing, Writing Warm-ups | Sentence Writing & Editing | Dictation & Writing Journals, Word Family Spelling Lists with Sentence Dictation, Spelling Dictation Templates l Orton-Gillingham/Science of Reading Aligned, Journeys Third Grade Unit 3 Spelling Quizzes and Sentence Dictation. The 4 main Body Percussion sounds are: STOMP, PAT LEGS, CLAP and SNAP Marie Clay calls concepts about print "the rules of the road," and writes, "Teachers must teach so that all children become knowledgeable about these essential concepts so they open doors to literacy." She explains that teachers who have . This sentence writing warm-up allows your students to practice specific phonics patterns, varying sentence types, and conventions in writing. AnObservation Surveyof Early Literacy Achievementhas been reviewed and rated as ascreening tool by theNationalCenter on Intensive Intervention (NCII). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Each lesson (1-30) has three dictation sentences. Now he is very good and confident with his reading and says that it is one of his favourite things to do! All of the tasks were developed in research studies to assess emergent literacy in young children. Another strength is in how teachers meet regularly to WATCH each other teach, ask questions about the strategies they are using, ask each other what they think they can change or adjust to assist their students to learn more effectively. This guide can be a helpful tool to use when administering Marie Clay's Observation Survey. 5. Exit testing is conducted by a teacher other than the one who worked with the student. 0000011418 00000 n Dictation: I usually choose a sentence from the story and have t, If you adopted Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's Journeys 2017 or 2014, this resource packet is for you! You may use your own Letter/Sound assessment. Website by TriAd, RRCNA staff and associates are here to help. The Reading Recovery teacher is a fantastic teacher who has helped my son become a reader and enjoys the process of learning. . 0000003189 00000 n I used to be a huge fan of Marie Clay until I got some experience really teaching reading and seeing what works for struggling readers. The Observation Survey is also widely used by classroom teachers and researchers. This is one of my FAVOURITE products. I didn't want to give a ton of dictation sentences, with only one spelling word per sentence. 0000001304 00000 n This is the perfect dictation paper that matches the assessment found in the back of the UFLI foundations manual. kx9~jR. This product includes: Clay, M. M. (2002, 2005, 2016). This sentence writing warm-up and phonics dictation resource pro, This Science of Reading-aligned pack has phonics assessments to complement systematic, sequential phonics instruction for a Structured Literacy classroom. Thanks, Jeanne, On 9/11/09, Jeanne wrote: > Does anyone know where I can find the Marie Clay Phonemic > Awareness Dictation sentences? Body Percussion Images Include: Gloria On 9/11/09, Jeanne wrote: > Does anyone know where I can find the Marie Clay Phonemic > Awareness Dictation sentences? What is the purpose of the dictation sentences. Established in 1993, the Canadian Institute of Reading Recovery is a not for profit organization that works collaboratively with wide-ranging and diverse educational communities across Canada to deliver Reading Recovery to the students struggling most. They may be performed on their own or as accompaniment to a song. These geology activities work well with upper elementary and middle school students.First, kids use adding machine tape to create, The body is an instrument everyone owns. They include phonemic awareness skills, writing, rhyming, word reading and text reading. There are assessments for decoding words (nonsense and read words) and sentences, a spelling inventory, and additional spelling assessments after teaching each spelling pattern.For each phonetic skill, there are three assessments: Decoding words (One page of real and one page of nonsense)Encoding (spelling) words with two sentences for dictat, 79 Leveled Spelling Lists: Each list includes 2 to 4 word family patterns, nonsense words, and sentences for dictation. More discussions on the Remedial Reading Chatboard More evidence that Reading Wreckovery is not effective. Suite 200 Worthington, OH 43085, Copyright 2022 Reading Recovery | Reading Recovery is a Registered Trademark The Observation Survey provides important information on early reading and writing behaviours and it is used regularly by classroom teachers and researchers. 79 Spelling Lists with Sentences for Dictation Running records are a vital part of Guided Reading groups to assess where you students are so you can determine the level of the book that is needed for that student. Teachers are welcome to read and post on Teachers.Net. On 10/03/09, Gloria wrote: > On 9/11/09, Jeanne wrote: >> Does anyone know where I can find the Marie Clay Phonemic >> Awareness Dictation sentences? David Reinking and Sharon L. Reinking, Reflecting On Our Practices When the Child Has a Limited Repertoire Get involved and promote literacy from the top down. commonly known in new zealand as the six year net the creator new zealander marie clay envisaged this assessment being best used after one year of school Please download the preview to get a closer look at what is included. The construction ofthe systems "in the head" is unique for each student. An observation survey of early literacy achievement. Partner Clap (clap hands with a partner) The checks in different columns add up to a numeral, which allows the examiner to determine the student's reading level. The activity itself can be made as simple or complex as needed, so is prob. This test is based on the review high frequency words. If you're using Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's Journeys 2017 or 2014, this resource packet is for you! Marie Clay, An Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievment Key Points For reliability and validity use scoring standard on pg 121. Sometimes, less is more. At the end of the lesson, students have a self-assessment to check their progress. Classroom Teachers, After School Programs and Summer Camps find this Easy to use. There are two sentences per story for sentence dictation, and an optional scoring guide, too. These Body Percussion Performance Flashcards give your students and IMMEDIATE EXPERIENCE in the Music Elements of BEAT, RHYTHM and METER. Includes: San Diego Quick Assessment is a one-on-one assessment that measures recognition of words out of context. Wait in a petient way for the upload of your Marie Clay Observation Survey Forms Pdf. Once the tool is opened, the user can upload their PDF file from the Mac with ease. Read Full Description below . marie clay sentence dictation by estelle Mar 3, 2010 Does anyone know Marie Clay's March dictation sentences? The data binder forms provide you with a variety of work samples and yearly graphs to use when analyzing student progress & conferencing with parents. This worksheet follows the "Marine Biology Lecture Slides Ch. Drag and Drop the file, or choose file by mouse-clicking "Choose File" button and start editing. 20% OFF Individual Prices marie clay observation survey letter identification, marie clay hearing and recording sounds in words assessment, Recovery Learning in Literacy - Manitoba Education. 0000001001 00000 n No prep just print! All Reading Recovery teachers are thoroughly trained in its administration, scoring and analysis. To be used in conjunction with Marie Clay's Letter ID assessment. Beginning of the Year First Grade Math Assessment Activities. The Observation survey of early literacy achievement includes six assessment tasks: Find out more details about the Observation survey and compare it with other assessment tools. trailer <<374AC67E092F48C2ABFD37AC1DD8ADF2>]/Prev 210120>> startxref 0 %%EOF 144 0 obj <>stream This complete unit includes lesson plans, a supporting website, hands-on activities, worksheets and maps, a study guide, and assessment. Included are Spelling Quizzes and Sentence Dictation for all stories in Unit 6. Student A was given an alternative format of the test, which contained . 0000005482 00000 n This is an analysis grid you can use to assess student writing in any grade of primary/elementary school. This kit includes 30 one-page fiction "stories." Also included in:Professional Development Bundle - Giving Effective Writing Feedback, Also included in:The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security: 19-Lesson Bundle (Brilliant Value!). dictation task kindergarten humble independent school web observation survey pp 65 69 dictation task grade 1 teacher observation sheet . It will stop here to let me get on." Like Comment (3) report post Nicole/Missouri I just integrated dictation sentences in with my small groups receiving Reading Mastery intervention. Kids will dig into the Geologic Time Scale, formation of the landscape, core sampling, and fossil records. Contact your local politicians and political groups to let them know what is important to you. My son was indifferent when he was being taught letters in kindergarten and at the start of grade one he was very apprehensive about reading. Letter NamingLetter SoundsBlending CVC wordsSentence FluencySentence DictationSight Words (Dolch & Fry List)Number NamingShape RecognitionCountingWriting NumbersBefore and AfterSimple AdditionW. Book Concepts 1. Year 2 Reading. Open the official website of CocoDoc on their device's browser. This tool is a guide that can help you to be consistent with your language when administering Marie Clay's Observation Survey. The Observation Survey showed classification accuracy in identifying at-risk students in the fall or winter of first grade based on a nationally representative sample. With a new reading series, are you faced with the daunting task of refreshing your tried-and-true support materials to correla. While it's exciting to get new and updated books, as a teacher, we all have our favorite resources that support tried-and-, If you adopted Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's Journeys 2017 or 2014, this resource packet is for you! Online Library Marie Clay Word Test five different reading and reading-related tasks: Letter Identification, Word Test, Writing Vocabulary, Dictation, and Text Reading Level. Where to go next at end of the line Concepts of Letter . >> Thanks, Jeanne. *Complete instruction sheet included! Once done, they can save the document from the platform. Includes VC words, CVC words, words with blends, words with digraphs, CVCE words, vowel teams, diphthongs, and r-controlled vowels. Canada Of course, instead of quizzes these cloze readings could be used as a pre-assessment to find out what students know or don't know about that portion of history. Why Phonics (in English) is Difficult to Teach, Lean, and Apply: What Caregivers and Teachers Need to Know Marie Clay's "An Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement" is used to assess children in Reading Recovery. Customize the PDF file with the appropriate toolkit provided at CocoDoc. http://paytonspreciouskindergarteners.blogspot.com/2013/10/running-records-freebi, This product is perfect for the organized teacher who likes to keep detailed notes on all of their students. Adapted from An Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement, Marie M. Clay. Open the preview to take a closer look. SAY the name of the Picture. 0000002044 00000 n Moving forward to edit the document with the CocoDoc present in the PDF editing window. Viola books by marie m clay author of an observation survey of web marie m clay average rating 4 25 809 ratings 52 reviews shelved 1 880 times showing 30 distinct works previous 1 2 next sort by an observation survey of early literacy achievement by marie m clay 4 . As an intervention teacher, I spend much of the first several few weeks of school assessing students in our building in order to determine who will be on my Fall Caseload. An observation survey of early literacy achievement. This program is an absolute must. St, A Rhythm Reading PowerPoint for Beginners that grows along with your students. Each child in Reading Recovery is assessed using the Observation Survey before entering the intervention, when leaving the intervention, and at the end of the school year. These activities help you assess, review assessments, and plan instruction for your students. The assessment area should be quiet and free from major distraction. This knowledge is also a helpful starting point for discussing progress with whnau. Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. Full set of questions for the Novel The Cay. Suggested Grade Levels: Pre-K through Grade 1 Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. Modified Sentence Dictation- Modified sentence dictation, from Marie Clay's Observation Survey, is the task of hearing and recording sounds in words. Violin I used the one from Marie Clay's text: An Observation Survey The Observation Survey includes six literacy tasks, all of which are necessary for describing a young childs emerging reading and writing behaviors: Reading Recovery teachers receive extensive training in the administration, scoring, and interpretation of the Observation Survey. The creator, New Zealander Marie Clay, envisaged this assessment being best used after one year of school instruction (generally age six in New Zealand) to determine a student's grasp . For more information on Observation Survey training for teachers, contact the CIRR. Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? https://rrcanada.org/testimonials/favourite-things-to-do/, Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement, assessment with a standard administration, Intervention prventive en lecture-criture, article from the Journal of Reading Recovery, Statement on Ontario Human Rights Commission Right to Read Report, Measuring the Effectiveness of Literacy Interventions, Pandemic Teaching Using Reading Recovery Teachers in School Literacy Teams, Ways to Keep Learning in a Time of Pandemic, York Region Reaches Milestone 25 Years of Reading Recovery Success, Pandemic Teaching - Using Reading Recovery Teachers in School Literacy Teams. These pages have been intentionally cra. 0000023825 00000 n The strength in this intervention is in how teachers observe and change their teaching to suit the needs of the students they are working with. Bassoon . Trombone 0000002632 00000 n dictation and text reading level concepts of print literacy assessment toolkit web this is a formative assessment . Current and past spelling words are clearly marked. This pack in environmentally friendly because the entire story is on one piece of paper. 150 E. Wilson Bridge Rd. Teachers.Net LIVE CHAT Support group - Tues eve! Spelling Bee Partner Practice and Assessment Ideas Some filters moved to Formats filters, which is at the top of the page. > '` * bjbj$$ F F " ] 4 $ : : : h : ; e j J. Jul 7, 2020 - Letter Identification Assessment - Marie Clay: This assessment tool is essentially a checklist that the teacher uses to identify specific student responses, particularly looking at letter-sound, syntax, and fluency. Also included in:3rd Grade Journeys Spelling Dictation BUNDLE - ALL YEAR! I also like my students to see the week's dictation sentences ahead of time, so I made them small, so I can glue them to the bottom of each week's spelling list. Oboe 2. Track how your students are doing as writers across the school year through this easy to use, monthly progress monitoring tool. The CocoDoc docs don't get caught in SPAM filters. The quizzes are set up in a multiple choice format to help prepare students for standardized tests. Professional Learning at your fingertips! TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. I am very pleased with the Reading Recovery program at the school. 0000002161 00000 n This pdf file contains: 37 weekly assessment pages -1 week of Smart Start- 6 weeks for each of the 6 units (week 6 is a review week) = 36 lessons/pagesEach page includes- numbered guidelines for 10 spelling words- 3 lines for writing a dictation sentence- a box with the weekly high-frequency wordsAlso included is a dictation sentence for each week that incorporates the spelling words and high-frequency words.Boxes for recording scores for each piece of the assessment are also included and the gr, If you adopted Houghton Mifflin Harcourt's Journeys 2017 or 2014, this resource packet is for you! Children receiving Reading Recovery support are assessed using the Observation Survey before entering Reading Recovery, upon completion of their series of lessons (several weeks) and at the end of the school year. Preview the instructions for Hearing and Recording Sounds. An Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement(Clay, 2002, 2005, 2016) provides a systematic way of capturing early reading and writing behaviors and is the primary assessment tool used in Reading Recovery. 0000002891 00000 n C.C. Four dication sentence choices plus one sentence using challenge words for Units 1-6. It is based on the Marie Clay prompts of meaning/structure/visual (surface features) and enables you to give feedback to students on concepts other than surface features such as spelling or handwriting. 0000001607 00000 n Marie Clays An Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement is used to assess children in Reading Recovery. Phonics skills and writing go hand in hand and this resource integrates both of these skills to help your K-2 students grow into strong writers in under 10 minutes of writing warm-up! Directions Topics: Assessment, Early Childhood Education, Reading. Harp This assessment tool helps identify students' ability to use capital letters, punctuation, directionality, spacing, phonics skills, concepts of print, along with letter/sound correspondence. When the file is edited completely, download and save it through the platform. I have used these Cloze readings as the end of unit quizzes for my students and I've found they do so much better when the information is in the context of a story. Clay, Marie ISBN 978--868632-52- Stones Clay, Marie ISBN 978--868632-68-1 No Shoes Clay, Marie ISBN 978--868632-97-1 Follow me moon Clay, Marie ISBN 978--868632-96-4 Test booklets to support The Concepts About Print task All Marie Clay Books Available from Outside The Box - www.otb.ie Does anyone know Marie Clay's March dictation sentences? . So I have written 3 sentences for each week (and every unit), with Additions don't affect scoring as long as number letters are included Capital letters are okay Reversed letter are wrong if they could represent a different letter. *First/last name writing*Alphabet Knowledge*Letters/Sound*Short Vowel/Long Vowels*Phonological Awareness*Reading words*Writing*Dictation sentences*Math Skills*Shapes*Colors*Addition and Subtraction*Time*Ordinal NumbersI hope you enjoy it! The first three tests have only two answer choices. Front of book 2. 0000015547 00000 n Add highlights, virtual manipulatives, and more. Rubric for Scoring Marie Clay's Observation Survey Dictation Task - Grade 1. This clean & simple form helps make that process easier for you! They include elkonin boxes with lined writing paper and elkonin boxes with a picture and lined writing paper. [ Placeholder content for popup link ] 4. It is a one-one-one assessment to be given orally to one student at a time. Issues of tense, person, and phonetic features The body is an instrument everyone owns. The person who administers the test must be properly trained and there is a cost for the initial materials used. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Skills included: Upper & Lowercase LettersLetter SoundsDigraphsBlendsSyllablesRhymesBeginning SoundsBlendingSegmentingName WritingCVC wordsSentence DictationCounting Number RecognitionNumber WritingComparing NumbersShapesColorsPatterns=============================================, You can easily create spelling assessments to match your spelling and or phonics program! Used to organize data. There are two sentences per story for sentence dictation, and an optional scoring guide, too. The Guide of finishing Marie Clay Observation Survey Forms Pdf Online If you are curious about Tailorize and create a Marie Clay Observation Survey Forms Pdf, heare are the steps you need to follow: Hit the "Get Form" Button on this page. 0000006844 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % 0000002911 00000 n Choose and Install CocoDoc from your Windows Store. ", https://rrcanada.org/testimonials/if-the-student-cannot-learn-we-should-assume-that-we-have-not-yet-found-the-correct-way-to-teach-him/, "With problem readers it is not enough for the teacher to have rapport, to generate interesting tasks and generally to be a good teacher. 1996 student performance data, specifically the Observation Survey of Early. I have to say that one of my favorite assessments is Marie Clay's "Hearing Sounds in Words- Dictation" Assessment which is . I will model and complete the first two with the kids. It consists of 13 graded word lists from preprimer to grade 11. I'm thinking it's: "The bus is coming. PowerPoint 1: Beverag, Kindergarten Progress Monitoring Assessments, Writing Feedback Analysis Grid - Professional Development Resource, Professional Development Bundle - Giving Effective Writing Feedback, Running Record Form & Conversion Chart for Guided Reading, Reading Comprehension : 180 Reading Activities for Level E-J Readers, REAL WORLD LIFE SKILLS Hosting a Business Networking Event with your students, Career Ready Education Within The Classroom, The Nutcracker: Say It, Clap It, Circle It, Color It: Rhythm Activities, Great Lakes Science - Geology, Geologic Time Scale, Formation, Fossil Layers, Body Percussion Performance Flashcards: Rhythm: 1 Sound, 2 Sounds, Body Percussion Performance Flashcards: Rhythm: 1 Sound, 2 Sounds, 1 Silent, Body Percussion Performance Flashcards: Rhythm: 1 Sound, 1 Silent, Carbon Stores and Processes (Carbon Cycle), The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security: 19-Lesson Bundle (Brilliant Value! The Trust asked NZCER . Each reader builds a system forprocessing texts that begins with early reading behaviors and becomes a networkof strategic activities for reading increasingly challenging texts. 3. Spelling Test Paper for Sentence Dictation and Spelling Words- 6 VERSIONS! You can access this > download by going to: > [link removed], After eight years of DI, we have finally gone to a new programJourneys. Angela DesBarres, Director of Instructional Programs, Grande Prairie Public School District, PO Box 461 ISBN 978--325-07457-3 / -325-07457-7 / SKU E07457. Teaching Method Examples: 0000003890 00000 n The file includes a recording sheet for multiple assessment opportunities and an assessment form to use when testing students. Rest Ima, Most of the Earths carbon is geological, resulting from the formation of sedimentary carbonate rocks (limestone) in oceans and biologically derived carbon in shale, coal and other rocks. Clarinet Also included in:Writing Warm-ups | Sentence Writing & Editing | Dictation & Writing Journals. CIRR can provide training to teachers in your school to utilize this survey tool for early learners. 1. 0000008936 00000 n All Rights Reserved. Dictation Task - Kindergarten An Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement (Clay, 2002, 2005, 2016) provides a systematic . trailer << /Size 58 /Info 29 0 R /Encrypt 33 0 R /Root 32 0 R /Prev 20631 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 32 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 30 0 R /Outlines 35 0 R /PageMode /UseOutlines >> endobj 33 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /V 1 /R 2 /O (QTeHXn&Pe) /U (8JHX-P5\n1xX{) /P -44 >> endobj 56 0 obj << /S 105 /O 191 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 57 0 R >> stream The quizzes are set up in a multiple choice format to help prepare students for standardized tests.

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